Research Presentation Essay

Materialism Jhingur judges himself by the value of his property as if this defines his character Quote Whe neer Jhingur looked at his cane field a sort of intoxication came over him. He had bighas of land which would earn him an easy 600 rupees. And if God sawto it that therates went up then who could complain? Why should he worry ab divulge money? The merchants were already beginning to fawn on him. From the beginning we seem to focus on the character of Jhingur that seems to value wealth over what may be for himself and his community. Instead of focusing on how his work can positively affect his life, he focuses on the negative.His focus is on his need to make money from his fellow farmers as possible, believing himself to be the better person. Social Issues Explotation Both men are propelled into acts of revenge that it ultimately destroyed both of their fortunes. This derived from a primitive need for the characters to compete against each other. The material desires at the en d have blinded them, and they may never see the true value of life. They brought about their own destruction. The core of this explanation lies a lesson on how materialism can impair our ability to see what is top hat for our life.In the period during which India evolved from colonial domination to independence, Tagore and Premchand were pioneers in Modern Indian literature. Their literary works pioneered social issues and the social structure of India that concentrated on the oppressed, kind-hearted emotions, destruction, oppression of women and life. These authors proved that they can focus on the psychology of the characters instead of social realism. We bequeath explore the context of the stories through the characters journeys and struggles and fatal consequences in the end.Punishment portrayal of the complex relationships among the members of the Rui family and how tragedy can delve into real issues that we have hidden. The day on which our story begins was like this.. Th at day, Dukhiram and Chidam had been working devout the zamindars federal agency. On a sandbank opposite, paddy had ripened. The paddy needed to be cut before the sanbank was washed away, but the village people were busy any in their own fields or in cutting jute so a messenger came from the office and forcibly engaged the two brothers.As the office roof was leaking in places, they also had to mend that and make some new wicker wood panels it had taken them all day. (p. 893) Two peasant brothers and their wives share a house together. The short-tempered, sloppy wife, Radha, is killed by her husband, Dukhiram, in a fit of anger for failing to prepare the evening meal. The village chief intrudes on the scene directly following the murder, and the other brother, Chidam, unintentionally identifies the beautiful wife, Chandara, as the killer.Chidam instructs Chandara to lie to protect her brother-in-law. Now, we start to see the divison in the male and female hierarchy. Before this revelation, despite their wonder for each other, Chandara and Chidam had trouble in the relationship. Chandara suspected her husband of infidelity, and began flirting at the watering hole. Chidam then threatened her stating, Ill break every bone in your body (p. 896) and locked her in the house. She escaped to a relatives house, but was persuaded to return only after Chidam had to surrender to her. (p. 896). When we examine this relationship, it great to point out that Tagore states, It was as hard to restrain his wife as to hold a handful of mercury. (p. 896) Chandara has achieved a sort of power by submission we tend to headland where the balance of power lies in this relationship. The chain of events after the murder further explores the complexity in the relationship of Chidam and Chandara. When discussing the murder they agree that Chidam will save Chandara from execution, if she agrees to his lie.Chidam expects Chandara to have-to doe with that her sister-in-law attacked h er and that Radha was killed in self-defense. After being taken into custody by the police, Chandara defies her husband by telling the police that the attack was unprovoked and puts her own life at risk. She was so angry with him that she refuses to see him before her execution stating, To hell with him. (p. 899). She accepts the punishment for a crime she did not commit in order to punish Chidam. She will not give him the satisfaction of saving her.Chidam gets her to take the blame for the crime but loses in the end by not getting his wife back. The story is unique by telling a story about the complex nature of human behavior and the unjust social set up of how women had no social status and importance in a family. Evidence of how the oppression of women is shown when Chidam states, a wife can be replaced but a brother cannot be replaced, (p. 894) clearly points out women are not valued. Tagore touches on women being oppressed and how social injustice was a common thing issue for w omen in countryfied Bangladesh during that time.

Analysis of ‘Creep’ by Radiohead Essay

* How does the accustom of simile contribute to the personas reflection of alienation? (2 marks)The simile dear like an angel, youre skin makes me cry compares the object of the personas desire to an angel, an ethereal universe, in order to conduct how unreachable and unapproachable she seems to him, thus contributing to his expression of alienation.* What is the effect of the repetition of the word perfect?(2 marks) The repetition of the word perfect emphasises the importance of achieving perfection to the persona.* Is the custom of obscenity effective? Why? Why not? (2 marks) I believe the use of obscenity in this poetry is effective as it conveys the frustration and fussiness the persona feels at not belonging as well as his jealousy towards those who do. (Youre so f**ing peculiar(prenominal), I wish I was special)* How would you describe the tone of this song? (2 marks) The tone in this song ranges from calm and quiet reflection in the verses to anger and frustration dur ing the choruses.* How is contrast used in these lyrics? (2 marks)The lyrics in the songs opening contain very soft, gentle imagery of things like angels and floating feathers in a beautiful world. Contrast is then created with the use of obscenity and a change from poetic language into blunt speech (What the hell am I doing here?) This contrast heightens the impact the personas anger and frustration over not belonging has upon listeners, emphasising how strongly he has been emotionally affected by it.That contrast is much greater, by the way, when you listen to the scala & kolacny br new(prenominal)s consort sing it because theyre children and their voices are so angelic, contributing to the angelic imagery in the lyrics* How is a sense of realism and verisimilitude created through these lyrics? (5 marks) The realism in this song is achieved through the use of obscenity and the frank tone to lines like What the hell am I doing here? A sense of verisimilitude is also established th rough the use of slang words such as creep and weirdo which contextualise the song as describing what could be seen as a typical reflection of the puerile experience.Realism = achieved through obscenity, straight-talking, conversational-style (2nd person pronoun?) Verisimilitude = Perhaps to the teen, this is such a typical thing feeling like a creep and a weirdo just because you dont belong.How do these lyrics contribute to your understanding of the Area of Study Belonging? (10 marks)These lyrics reinforce my understanding of the need to belong as an essential aspect of human nature that stems, in part, from a belief that there is a benefit in belonging that it brings with it privileges which cannot be found in isolation. They also spotlight for me the irony in people wanting to belong in order to be special, as the persona puts it, when in fact it is not belonging that sincerely makes someone stand out as an individual.The persona in this song wants to belong with a person he uses simile to describe as an angel, a symbol of perfection. The repetition of perfect in the lyrics of the song emphasises the importance of achieving perfection to the persona, because it volition allow him to belong with this angel. The persona is even jealous of the angel for being so perfect and special, as conveyed through the tone of jealous anger created by the use of obscenity in the line, Youre so f**ing special / I wish I was special.The persona thinks that if he can be perfect like the angel then he toowill be special and privileged. The irony of the song is that it is clear to the reader that it is the persona, and not the angel, who is really special. The persona is special, or different from what is usual, because he does not belong. If he were to be perfect like the angel then he would be just another beautiful person in a beautiful world. In other words, he would become ordinary.To conclude, the lyrics of this song show me how essential the need to belong is in hum ans and how this stems from a belief that there is a privilege in belonging that it makes you special. More importantly, however, the lyrics demonstrate that, ironically, it is actually through not belonging that we make ourselves stand out as unique individuals.

The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner INTRODUCTION

No two writers go close to things in exactly the same way. We al are godly and motivated in different ways we have our own reasons why some characters stay with us while early(a)s disappear into a backlog of unattended files. Personal y, Ive never figu cherry-red out why some of my characters take on strong lives of their own, but Im always happy when they do. Those characters are the most facile to write, and so their stories are usual y the ones that get finished.Bree is one of those characters, and shes the chief reason why this story is now in your hands, rather than lost in the maze of forgotten folders inside my computer. (The two other reasons are named Diego and Fred.) I started thinking about Bree while I was editing Eclipse. Editing, not writing when I was writing the first draft of Eclipse, I had first-person-perspective blinders on anything that vitamin B complex a couldnt see or hear or feel or taste or touch was irrelevant. That story was her experience only. The next step in the editing process was to step away from boron a and see how the story flowed. My editor, Rebecca Davis, was a huge part of that process, and she had a lot of questions for me about the things boron a didnt know and how we could make the right parts of that story clearer. Because Bree is the only newborn Bel a sees, Brees was the perspective that I first gravitated toward as I considered what was going on behind the scenes. I started thinking about living in the wine cellar with the newborns and hunting traditional vampire-style. I imagined the world as Bree understood it. And it was easy to do that. From the start Bree was very clear as a character, and some of her friends as well sprang to life effortlessly. This is the way it usual y works for me I try to write a short synopsis of what is happening in some other part of the story, and I end up jotting down dialogue. In this case, instead of a synopsis, I found myself writing a day in Brees life.Writing Bree was the first time Id stepped into the shoes of a narrator who was a real vampire a hunter, a monster. I got to look through her red eyes at us humans suddenly we were pathetic and weak, easy prey, of no importance whatsoever except as a tasty snack. I felt what it was like to be alone while surrounded by enemies, always on guard, never sure of anything except that her life was always in danger. I got to submerge myself in a total y different breed of vampires newborns. The newborn life was something I hadnt ever gotten to explore even when Bel a final y became a vampire. Bel a was never a newborn like Bree was a newborn. It was exciting and dark and, ultimately, tragic. The closer I got to the inevitable end, the more I wished Id concluded Eclipse just slightly differently.I wonder how you wil feel about Bree. Shes such a smal, seemingly idle character in Eclipse. She lives for only five minutes of Bel as perspective. And yet her story is so important to an understanding of the nov el. When you read the Eclipse scene in which Bel a stares at Bree, assessing her as a possible future, did you ever think about what has brought Bree to that point in time? As Bree glares back, did you wonder what Bel a and the Cul ens look like to her? Probably not. But even if you did, Il bet you never guessed her secrets. I hope you end up caring about Bree as much as I do, though thats kind of a cruel wish. You know this it doesnt end wel for her. But at least you wil know the intact story. And that no perspective is ever real y trivial.Enjoy,Stephenie

DBQ: Growth Of Political Parties Essay

In current times, the American semi policy-making system is most commonly associated with the ongoing conflicts between political parties. The two major parties that strive for maneuver of the American vote are the Democrats and the Re nationalans. However, when our government was formed, the political parties were quite different. At first, politicians tried to stay away from political parties, but by creating a democratic government, a political party system could non be avoided. The two recognized parties were the Democratic-Republicans, led by doubting Thomas Jefferson, and the Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton.Political parties separated the country. upper-case letter had tried to prevent them from rising up, but due to extreme differences in views, his attempt was futile. Hamiltons strong central government idea contrasted with Jeffersons strong state side government. Sides were taken, and differences were debated. Without a compromise, each party would continue to try and impose their beliefs on the American people. The Democratic-Republicans appealed more to the common man, whereas the Federalists favored wealthy aristocrats. Financially, the Federalists were much more powerful than the Democratic-Republicans.The wealthy merchants were voted into office originally because of their social and economic status. Prior to Jeffersons administration, m both politicians were not publicly known like today. This led to Washington and Adams government being controlled by the Federalists. Jefferson would win the people and presidency. Jefferson and his supporters would control the government, ensuring that America would remain a democracy.Alexander Hamilton was Washingtons Secretary of Treasury. Over the course of Washingtons presidency, Hamilton proposed and passed some federalist bills. These bills led to a public distrust of the Federalist Party. Therefore causing a large portion of the country to side with the Democratic-Republicans. Hamiltons party fe ared the Democratic-Republicans, saying . the views of these gentlemen Democratic-Republicans are unsound and dangerous. Hamiltons deprivation of faith in the other party caused him to impose more Federalist bills and limit the power of the common man.In retaliation to these new laws, many men began to let out their distrust in the government through the newspapers. The Alien and Sedition Acts wasthe most controversial bill passed by the federalists. As stated by John Allen, a Federalist Congressman, in 1798 . Papers printed in this city and elsewhere which print the most shameless falsehoods against the representatives of the people The Federalists feared the common mans power to persuade others into becoming Democratic-Republicans.Washingtons Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson, was the leader of the Democratic-Republican Party. As Jefferson wrote in a memo to himself in 1790, Hamilton was not only a monarchist, but in support of a monarchy Jefferson had not only publicly disc redited Hamilton and the Federalist Party, but in private he also felt the same distrust. Jefferson also talked about the bills that Hamilton passed in his speeches, The excise task is an infernal one and has now associated to it a detestation of the government. After Hamiltons biggest mistake, allowing the Alien and Sedition Acts to be passed, Jefferson easily won support from the common man. still members of the government began to support Jefferson and his beliefs.As George Hay, a member of the Virginia State Legislature, said in 1799, The freedom of the press means the total exemption of the press from any kind of legislative control, and consequently the Sedition Bill is an abridgement of its liberty There were many differences in political views between Hamilton and Jefferson this led to the formation of the political parties, and Hamiltons poor choice of governing led to the popularity and the distinction of the two parties. Even though Washington attempted to forewarn u s about the dangers of political parties, compromises could not be met, and therefore differences in beliefs will become actions as demonstrated in the history of Americas government.

Ethical Viewpoint

Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is al moods an on-going issue that companies begin to cope with. What argon the responsibilities that companies should piddle former(a) than the maximization of return to shareholders and by taking such responsibilities, how it whitethorn chance upon the operation of the fast(a)s as well as how incumbranceively such actions could have on the society. in that respect have been two main positions on the CSR issue.The first is the Friedmanian star stating that at that place is unrivaled and simply one social responsibility of business to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its breadss so long as it stays within the rules of the games (published in the book Capitalism and Freedom). The other clear is that companies loafer and should aberrant from the goal of maximizing profit to take others responsibilities that protagonist to enkindle the total wellbeing of the unharmed society. I forg et first talk of these two racks and give my opinions on such reasons wherefore, fin both(prenominal)y, drift up my conclusion on CSR. Discussion of the Friedman point of viewFrom the Friedman viewpoint, businessmen who seriously take the CRS such as fighting poverty, avoiding pollution are unwitting puppets of the intellectual forces that have been undermining the basis of a let go society. He stated that the responsibilities of a companionship rest mostly in hand of the repair proprietors or the incorporated administrators. However, while sole proprietors are individuals i. e. they basis act on their own behave, for corporate executives, there are several reasons that restrict them from exercise any other responsibilities than maximizing the return to shareholders owners of the company i. . usually maximizing the profit. The first reason is that in a private-property system, the executive is an employee of the shareholders, which operator that he voluntarily and perso nally chalk ups to work under the direction and supervision of the shareholders in return for salary or other remunerations. Therefore, the executive has to commit with the shareholders invade, which is usually maximizing the profit. In some cases where the interest of the shareholders is non economic one than the work of executive may vary alone it mustiness be in line with the shareholders interest.This is likewise enhanced by law that the shareholders have the right to diagnose or dismiss the executive. Therefore, if he can non accede with the shareholders interest, he can be fired, which, from a personal point of view, there is no good for him to deliver CSR on behave of the company. In short, an executive of a squiffy, who has a huge impact on how the warm acts, is bound by the responsibility to the interest of the shareholders. This in any case implies that the executive can non deploy resources that are not possess by himself to other social usages i. e. e cann ot land the price to stop inflation, he cannot make expenses for environmental practices beyond the jurisprudence, he cannot give the earnings of the company to charity organizations. Because by doing so, he indirectly harms the interests of the owners of those resources. It seems that the CSR does not rest on the executives except rather on the owner of the company. Therefore, it may not suitable to discuss the role of the executive in conducting CSR but the decisions and interest of owners are what matter here. It is not affected whether the incorruptible wants to conduct CSR or not but whether the owners want to take such responsibilities.The question here is that whether to each one of us (as individuals) should generate our personal interests for the common good. The second reason is that when firms do CSR, it violates the efficient division of tire in the society. Doing social responsibilities on behave of the company is the same as redistributing resources in the socie ty, a exercise which is currently carried by evaluateation system. This raises political questions in two levels rationale and consequences. On the grounds of principle aspect, the taxation is through by the authorities.There are structures, instrument to determine who will be taxed, the tax level, and how the tax money should be used. The whole process is to correct market failures and make sure a moderately and balanced distribution of resources for the society, in the name of the greater good. By doing CSR, the executive has taken the tax character of government. He decides to tax shareholders, employees, customers, how much to tax (how much to spend on CSR) and how should the money is used, which makes him a urbane servant, not the employee of the shareholders anymore.For the consequences aspect, it is doubted that a single act of an executive can surely lead to a decreed effect on the whole society. Such a reduction in price can very slow down the inflation (or just make the whole industry emergeputs decreases since other firms must lower their prices also to compete, and therefore, creates deficit for the economy). Spending too much on environmental practice beyond legislation may increase price and draw the company step to the fore of business because of arguing.Free-market mechanism works found on the assumption that It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest (Adam Smith The Wealth Of Nations, Book I, Chapter II, pp. 26-7, para. 12). Therefore, by deviating from self-interest, a firm who heavily does CSR may be hale step forward of the market. However, Friedman has left forbidden the case of default on duty of agent i. e. what if the government cannot fit its responsibilities as correcting market failures and redistributing resources.If these duties are not carried out, it then can cause harm to the whole society. We can see there is a dilemma here. If the companies take those duties, its main duty will be less(prenominal) efficient and cannot stand in the market. On the other hand, if it does not care just about these end duties, the whole society may go down i. e. the economic cake is shrinking. Let me summarize the reasons of the Friedmanian viewpoint on why company should not conduct CSR 1. The binding relationship amid owners and executives does not allow the executives to start out the goal of the company from maximizing returns to owners 2.Doing CSR is considered as taxation on shareholders or employees, or customers, which, in a democratic world, is a job of government. 3. Under the free-market mechanism, extra expenses arose from CSR can finally draw the company out of business All in all, the Friedmanian article produces a very strict and straight point the responsibility of companies to maximize the return of owners. It makes companies seem like soulless machines designed to do nothing than maxim izing owners interest. However, the caprice is derived from the position of an executive, who does not have real power on decision making.Moreover, this model will lone(prenominal) work in such a figure where the government fulfills its responsibility and the model also assumes that there is only one company is doing CSR (if others do not also do CSR then unfair competition may happen). Discussion of the ethical point of view In contrast to the viewpoint which is supported by the Friedman viewpoint presented above and the belief that CSR and profit go in concert that the only responsibility of companies is to maximize profit (in general) and not to do real CSR companies may conduct CSR if it helps to increase profit i. . CSR as a hawkshaw for profit maximization, not the true goal -, there may be good reasons for firm to deviate from maximizing profit. Firstly, I will discuss on how the Friedman viewpoint is refuted and then the latter viewpoint. Counter Friedman viewpoint From the three main reasons of Friedman viewpoint above, there are counter reasons to refute them 1. There is a bargain that binds the executive responsibility to the interest of the owners Such a contract does not simply release the involved parties from others duties to other agents i. . reduce or cancel their duties to the rest of the society. This also implied a fact that executives have a excess duty to the owners, which will be discussed later 2. The effective division of working class between companies and government (taxation aspect as an example) There are two reasons to refute this term. First, it is not the action of the executive that should be considered in this case but whether the owners would give up some of their benefits to promote other ends i. e. efute the thought that executives doing CSR as a taxation agent. Secondly, there are cases when the government cannot or not willing to do its duty, therefore, makes the whole model of ideal division of labour collapse. On the second reason, the author gives an example of threesome World countries where governments are usually fail to fulfill their duties. However, this example is not so persuasive since in such countries, not only the governments default on their duties but other agents, e particularly customers, do not value the CSR.Therefore, if a company assumes to take the residuals value, it will lose its competitiveness and being drawn out of business. 3. The free-market competition does not allow firms to do CSR it is reasoned that if customers, employers, shareholders, government value the CSR activities of the firm then CSR will not push a firm out of business but conversely, can even help the firm grow. The article also criticizes the Friedman viewpoint by refute the notion that Firm has a special duty to its owners and it should takes preference over duties to others.A special duty may be formed when agents have a certain kind of relation to each other (the relation go up) or the uni versalistic approach that everyone has responsibilities to everyone else, but these general duties can be carried out more effectively if each agent is assigned special duties, which it does best, towards a limited assort. For the relation approach, the firm and the owners should have at least one of three kinds of traditions voluntarist tradition, the correlative benefit tradition or the communitarian tradition.It seems that there is a voluntary tradition existing between the firm and the owners but it does not mean that each agent can pursue their own goal at all costs since doing so, it may harm the voluntariness of other parties. Therefore, a voluntarist tradition also restricts the profit maximization. ground on the communitarian tradition, agents are part defined by its relationships and various rights. Therefore, reducing the commitment to a group is the same as changing the agents personality and that special duties should only arise from relationships that are key to th e agents identity.Miller has created some criteria for such relationships (1) they belong together, (2) their association is neither transitory nor instrumental, (3) their federation has distinctive characteristic, (4) there is loyalty in the sense of willingness to sacrifice personal gain to advance in the interests of the company. The relation between the firm and owners has failed heavily on criteria (2) and (4) and therefore, it fails within the communitarian framework. However, it is worth questioning here about the criteria.In such a fast changing world, especially the explosion of virtual world the Internet, communities are formed, which can satisfy all of the above criteria (for example, the open source community, who develop computer programs and peer production together without cost to the public usages) but leave no or very little traits (identity) on the parties. As the grounds for mutual benefit traditions, it is true that there is a mutual benefit tradition between f irm and owners.However, it involves far more parties, who can be customers, business partners, government Therefore, the firms responsibilities cannot be limited only to the owners. Nevertheless, if then, can and should the company try to satisfy all of its stakeholders. This leads us to the universalistic approach, whether the firm should have special duty towards a group (owners), which it can do most effectively. The universalistic approach is built on the assumption that agents who are assigned special duties can carry out the duties, which means that governments can effectively correct market failures and redistribute income.In practice, this is not always the case and when the special duties cannot be done, they become the residual responsibilities of all. And it is worth notice here that division of duties is just a tool to promote the general duties. Therefore, when the government fails to perform its duty, the company should deviate from its special duty (maximize profit) a nd try to cover the residual duties. However, there are 2 problems with this reasoning. First of all, how can we measure if an agent has successfully performed its duty i. e. f the government has done a good job or not? Second, the residual responsibilities are rest on the entire society, not only the business. Therefore, only when other agents also try to participate in solving the responsibilities, are the general duties fulfilled. It helps to avoid the disadvantages to companies when they do CSR as mentioned in the 3rd reason of Friedman viewpoint. whole when the customers and other companies take part in the process, does the company not face the fact of being out of business due to unfair competition.In all of the relationship traditions mentioned above, the special duties of firm to owners has failed on some and partly fulfilled some. As a conclusion, the special duty of companies to owners is restricted by the duties to other agents and it may be changed (deviate from profit maximization) if necessary. CSR and profits do not always go together It is shown, by practices investigation that CSR will not always lead to positive economic profit and there is a limit for CSR expending (to some point, the cost will be more than the benefit).However, there seems to be a lack of time variable here in the research. For example, if the company builds 10 or 100 infirmary for the city, it does not lead to much different economic profit. However, if the company continues supporting 10 hospitals for 10 long time then it can create a commitment between the company and the community, which then results in customers loyalty. The profit from CSR should not only be measured at a fixed moment but also spread through a period of time.All in all, the ethical point of view states that companies do not have special duty to only the owners but it must act in a way that can comprehend its other duties to different parties in the society and in order to do so, it may have to devia te from its ultimate goal i. e. maximizing profit. However, in contrast with the conditions for Friedman viewpoint, this assumption requires a condition where the government cannot fulfill its duty and other parties (competitors, customers, suppliers) must act in the same manner as the company (deviate from their own special duties if needed). ConclusionBoth articles provide very interesting opinions on if firms should take on CSR or not. While Friedman viewpoint, which based heavily on the assumption of private-property democracy and free-market mechanism, states that firms must only focus on one ultimate responsibility maximize owners return, the ethical viewpoint states that firms must also sacrifice its own self-interest i. e. profit in order to promote other ends for the society. I agree on the assumption that executives have a special duty against the owner and that efficient division of labour should be respected in normal cases.A company can never satisfy all the responsibil ities it has towards all other parties equally or effectively. Only by dividing the general duties and assign them to subgroups, it makes sure they are done in the most effective way. Moreover, as an executive, if he or she tries to conduct CSR against the will of owners then the effect of such actions is neither material or long lasting since the owners, according to law, have the right to appoint and dismiss executives on their will.This assumption also implies that social responsibilities do not rest on firms but rather on individuals. It is not whether firms do CSR or not but if each of the owner wants to sacrifice their own interests for the common good. CSR, at its best understanding, involve the participation of the whole society i. e. companies do not stand alone is this field and so, should not be considered solely when debating on CSR issue. Other factors such as how the government does its duty and how customers, suppliers value the CSR have huge impact on the fact that s hould companies conduct CSR.Free-market mechanism is a very strong force that as long as our society depends on it, we must comfort it. Only when the customers demand for such CSR value increases, does the companies do CSR. If this is not the case, companies are killing themselves. Therefore, no matter how intensive firms are on CSR issue, it will be immaterial and short-sighted if by doing so, threat the firms out of business. The debating question here is not about firms conducting CSR but about how society value CSR, which will then guide the behaviours of firms.In conclusion, in current situation under the force of free-market mechanism, firms decisions are not the main forces that affect the CSR issues but how well other agents (especially government) fulfill their own duties and how society value CSR. The available solutions are that government must improve its performance (tighten the legislation, prevent corruption, protection for firms doing CSR) and the societys awareness of CSR value must be raised so that society will value CSR seriously (through education programs).Only then, can firms genuinely perform CSR without facing the dilemma of trade-off for economic profit, which is the main reason for firms to exist. All in all, for now, I agree to the statement of Milton Friedman that responsibility is to conduct business in accordance with their (owners) desires, which generally will be to make as much money as possible while conforming to the raw material rules of the society, both those embodied in law and those embodied in ethical custom. The question is how such basic rules will drive the behaviours of companies.

Principles Underpinning the Role of the Practitioner Essay

The principles underpinning the role of the practician running(a) with minorren Section 1 Maintaining professional relationships in the multi-professional squad E1 list the responsibility of the practitioner in professional relationships schoolmaster, way of life engaging in a devoted bodily military operation as a source of livelihood. It as surface as delegacy being an expert and having or fork uping big skill. Practitioners argon more likely to develop good relationships with colleagues and babyren if they are able to demonstrate professional standards. Professional put is the skills that leave be required of you to develop in prescribe to hit efficaciously with pincerren. These complicate understanding your role and responsibilities, the ability to establish and exert good relationships with nestlingren and colleagues, and communication skills. (Tassoni P, 200710) Being reliable means that staff and children begin to rely on you, for deterrent example p ractitioners whitethorn plan activities or meetings and expect you to be there to assist or supervise children. Reliable means doing what is expected of you and this earth-c lackt include on the job(p) as a team helping each new(prenominal) and being on meter and honest.It cigaret as well as include being hard operative and consistent as this shows your enthusiasm towards the job role. It is strategic to be reliable because children hobo get attached to you and start counting on you to be there. punctuality is crucial in every jobs but especi onlyy when supervising children. It is important to be on time consistently which shows you are dedicated to your job. A good example of this is a parent whitethorn non be able to leave for hightail it until you arrive in the setting, or a setting whitethorn not be able to open if the right ratio of staff is present. Flexibility is essential as practitioners should require the ability to meet new motifs and initiatives with openn ess. They should be able to adapt to different teachers onslaughtes and be conciliatory ab erupt the hours that they cogitation or tasks that are given to them. For example, a practitioner whoremonger help with a Year 3 expose if they are always roleplaying with reception. This shows that they squirt be helpful as well as outgoing.Being a good listener is highly important when being a practitioner. utilise eye contact and depletedering yourself down to the childs level pass on misrepresent them belief as if you are talking to them and not at them which will not intimi go steady them. Practitioners should be supportive and non-judgmental. Good examples include repeating gumption what the child has s serve to show you are listening, commenting and a sputterg further questions using body language practitioners should not interrupt or change the subject. You need to show children and young people that you are interested in what they consent to say. By looking (not staring ) at a child or young person, you show them that they stick out your full attention. Sometimes, during a conversation, they whitethorn look away or down and this may be a sign that what they are most to say may be uncomfortable or arduous for them. (Tassoni P, 2007139) (356 words)E3 Explain the value of a multi-professional approach when working with children and parents Multi-professional working requires people from different professions and agencies to work together towards meeting the unavoidably of the child. There are a truly large number of organisations that support children and their families that may be involved in multi-agency working. In order to work effectively with other agencies, it is important to open an understanding of what they do and how they support one another. professionals hobo theatrical role noesis about the familys needs with each other so that parents do not have to be asked the dame questions over and over again.It too means that professiona ls are alive(predicate) of each others role in supporting the family and so conflicting advice or timings of appointments can be minimised. (Tassoni P, 200711) The benefits of a multi-professional approach include ensuring that children get extra support for example a nurture mentor or speech therapist. The child is safer when they are looked after by a team of professionals because they can share all their concerns and expertise to support the child. This approach in addition boosts childrens confidence within the setting and promotes a holistic approach. It increases independence because children are given strategies from a variety of professionals who want the best outcome for the child.The value of a multi-professional approach catchs that the 5 outcomes of either Child Matters (stay safe, be sinewy, revel and achieve, create a positive percentage and achieve economic wellbeing) are being met because everyone is working together to share information and skills. This in formation will minimise the risk of error or neglect of the child. The fact that many professionals are involved means that judgements made about children are informed, thorough and objective. For example if a child is frustrated and has a low concentration span, this can then be analysed by a educational psychologist and further action can be taken from then.A multi-professional approach also supports parents. For example a dietician can pop the question parents on the recommended intake for their child (5 a day). If a child is diabetic, they can help to design a rubicund food plan to help the child manage their glucose levels. He/she can also consort the childs diet with sports activities and advise parents on the benefits. There are many benefits for children and families when this type of approach is utilise as support, advice and childcare can be tailored to ensure some continuity. In practice, this may mean that parents may be able to leave their children in a nursery whil e in the same building or nearby they attend a parenting class or take a younger baby to the health clinic. (Tassoni P, 200711) (314 words)Section 2 Developing thoughtful practiceE4 Describe the benefits of create smoothenive practice within the setting Reflective practice is paying crucial attention to the practical values and theories which inform everyday actions, by examining practice reflectively and positively. Reflective practice can also mean understanding knowledge of something positively. One of the benefits of reflective practice is allowing schools to develop self awareness, a unfavourable skill in order for a setting to thrive and move forward. For example, if practitioners are only aware of school policies and not current legislations, children are at risk and practitioners are not doing the best they can to further their knowledge. An important part of the reflective cycle is how you review your practice. It is important that the process of reflection is viewed as positive process, rather than problems being seen as barriers to success. (Tassoni P, 2007229)Practitioners need to be aware of current legislations in order to follow them to improve their setting and be aware of fresh initiatives, for example considering childrens opinions which will falsify them notion valued and confident to learn. Lessons will be interesting and children are less likely to lose concentration. Reflective practice creates and effective staff team as observations are carried out to improve on expert advice. There are opportunities for personal and professional development and job satisfaction.This benefits children because activities and practice is evaluated to meet the childrens needs and support learning. It also benefits the setting as there is high quality provision because weaknesses, strengths, activities and resources are addressed which ultimately is of benefit to the children. Lastly, reflective practice improves the reputation of the setting becau se it could lead to a higher Ofsted report. A good reputation benefits the practice because parents have confidence in the setting and this motivates their children to learn. Children will feel the urge to come to school and work hard, thusly resulting in higher grades and children achieving more which will brinytain the good reputation of the setting. (280 words)D1 Explain the grandeur of reflective practice for improving your own performance As a practitioner, reflective practice is extremely important as you can look back on a situation and make improvements. You can also check to see if you are following the cover procedures. This allows the practitioner to grow and reach higher potential, in other words make continuous proficiency when reviewing situations. Reflective practice benefits the practitioner because he/she can validate and challenge existing approaches and methods of working. Reflective practice would help me to find out my strengths and weaknesses and to adapt in to new situations that may occur. For example, when handling a situation where a new member of staff joins the team, reflective practice would help me to find out if I have helped them to settle in, in order to build a good relationship. I would have to think back and ask myself if I briefed them about what to do in the setting.This would help improve relationships with children and staff. Reflective practice would also help me to identify my training needs. For example, if a child had got lost on a school trip, I would have to think about if I followed the correct procedures or if I need to further my knowledge in safeguarding to build up my own learning, performance, confidence and job satisfaction. Reflective practice keeps me up to date with trends and initiatives, which are good for job promotions and job interviews. For example, if activities are repetitive or uninteresting, being reflective would elevate me to research and find out about new trends to keep the class intrigue d and provide bear upon activities.Furthermore, reflective practice shows a commitment to wanting to do my best and reach my full potential. It is important that I reflect back on how I carried out a job and how I can do better, resulting in becoming more aware of what I am doing and how to become a better practitioner. by dint of self-reflection, it becomes possible to think about how to repeat something that has worked well or how to improve ready for next time. through with(predicate) reflect it is also possible to improve your interpersonal skills. For example, you might think about how you responded or communicated in a situation and then be able to consider ways in which you might have been more effective. (Tassoni P, 2007349)D2 Discuss two strategies for improving your own learning and performance Two areas, in which I would like to improve my own learning and performance are using my own initiative and working as a team. I can achieve these goals by using two strategies w hich are wise to(p) targets and peer observation. it is important that any goals you set are SMART. (Tassoni P, 2007231) SMART targets are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time scaled. Using this strategy will allow me to draw up an action plan. The problem I tried to shed light on was maintaining a childs attention throughout the required session time. Whilst I was carrying out work experience, I was allocated a maths group on a regular basis to try aid their learning and improving their mathematical abilities. The problem I encountered with this was trying to keep their attention so that I could communicate with them and so the tasks could be completed effectively.One of the children had been identified as having ADHD and therefore had specific difficulties in maintaining concentration and was often deflect. Other factors which affected this problem were distractions in the classroom and the complexity of the tasks that had to be carried out. I have inflexible that my own observations about how effective the dissolving agent was and how much work the children successfully did as week as well as the response I received from them. I resolved to research into the effects of ADHD particularly children in a school environment and used miscellaneous information sources (this will be attached as evidence). I decided on tierce options that I thought had realistic chance of success. The start-off was to arrange the classroom to minimise distractions for the child with ADHD and also those with difficulty concentrating, the advantages of doing this would be this would lower the disruption methods, however there are some disadvantages for example it may cause unnecessary disruption to other pupils.The second antecedent that I considered was to include a variety of activities in each lesson by alternating physical and sitting down activities that appeal to different learning styles and would require careful and detailed planning to accommodate all three learning styles and each drill would need to be adapted to the requirements of each individual. Ensuring the classroom rules are unplowed clear rules are kept clear and simple and having a set discipline routine. If there continued or excessive misdeed and send them to my supervisor. Some of the advantages of this solution were that it would ensure that children are clearly understand the rules and repetition of the discipline governance would emphasise the rules and therefore the children would begin pick up on them. However the disadvantages were that disciplining those with children with demeanoral problems may have a negative effect and the discipline may seem harsh and could cause more problems.From the three solutions I have chosen to implement in my time during work experience is the second solution as I think this could be an effective method at maintaining a childs concentration particularly a child with ADHD I have chosen to implement is solution 2 and this me ans I have to ensure that the teacher will have to be consulted and she will then provide the outline of the tasks to be carried out with the maths group. The teacher I was working with include different activities within the lessons such as discussions, quizzes, videos, drawing and some movement with the activities. I have decided to check if the problem had been solved using my own observations and to a certain extent the problem was solved and saw a gradual increase in their concentration levels and motivation to learn however it was difficult to implement the solution with limited time and resources.When working with the child with ADHD he was often distracted by other people around him and also other pupils found it difficult maintaining their concentration levels therefore it may have been effective to incorporate all three solutions together as this would have created a better and more stable working environment for all the pupils and would have benefitted their learning. It would have set out a clear and systematic discipline routine whilst maximising the use of different activities to achieve the childs potential. Peer observation is an effective way of gaining feedback about your practice with children. (Tassoni P, 2007230) Peer observation can improve my own learning and performance as it will enable a colleague to strain on my strengths and weaknesses when I am working with children.It is important that peer observations are objective and detailed, providing an opportunity to sustain and recognise the things that I do well. This will improve my ability to work as a team by communicating and receiving positive feedback about my performance. This can be in meetings, or between me and my supervisor. If feedback is given to me in a positive way, this will improve my performance as I will feel confident, as well as being able to gain information that will help me reflect upon my own practice. It can be difficult not to be defensive and take feedback p ersonally, but if you focussing on improving your own performance this will become easier with time. (Tassoni P, 2007231)Section 3 The principles underpinning the role of the practitioner E5 Summarise the main principles that underpin work with children There are many main principles that underpin work with children. Some of these include the following The welfare of the child is paramount. This is stated by the Childrens Act 1989 and think in with the EYFS. This means the wellbeing of the child is the first and most important aspect of practitioners work. A child should always be valued and practitioners should ensure the child is safe and happy to protect them from abuse, harm and neglect. Celebrating transformation and individuality are also important.This means that children are individuals in their own right and need to be listened to and seeed. Their pagan needs need to be met, for example, children should opt to celebrate their own or other cultural festivals such as D iwali, instead of yet Christmas. Equal opportunities and inclusive practice are actively promoted. This is about recognising and celebrating difference and not about treating everyone the same, for example, setting up an activity that everyone can do regardless of their skin colour or race. Confidentiality is respected at all times except when child protection is an issue. on the whole practitioners have a responsibility to maintain confidentiality at all times. This means that any information passed to the practitioner should only be passed on, on a need to know basis. (214 words)C1 Analyse how the main principles that underpin work with children can support the practitioners practice in the setting Knowing the importance of the main principles that underpin work with children means that the practitioner can set out creating an appropriate environment. This means the environment is safe, healthy and enjoyable as the welfare of the child is paramount. The practitioner should act u pon this principle by devising the child their first priority. They should carry out daily risk assessments and follow policies and procedures to ensure this happens. Practitioners should act upon the EYFS because Every Child Matters. For example, practitioners can promote healthy eating (snack time) for being healthy, and when carrying out activities, all children should participate and enjoy what they are doing. Activities should be carried out to meet all childrens needs and practitioners should maintain commitment to childrens emotional wellbeing.Practitioners should also make sure childrens health and wellbeing is being actively promoted. They can do this by making sure children have pastoral care which includes health, social and moral education, behaviour management and emotional support of children. Practitioners need to act upon this by educating children about healthy eating, for example promoting healthy eating posters around school and encouraging parents to take part i n cookery lessons, as well as encouraging their child to eat healthily at home and encouraging parents to provide healthy meals. It is important for children to also have good amounts of physical/outdoor play and exercise. Practitioners should make sure individuality inclusive practice and diversity are celebrated. They can do this by getting parents involved. An example can involve having an international day where children can bring in food from their countries and dress according to their culture.This cogitate in with Knowledge and Understanding of the World (KUW), from the EYFS six areas of learning. Recognising diversity is about understanding that children come from a variety of backgrounds and family structures, and that this is reflected in many ways including the languages they speak their culture, beliefs and even care needs. While the core needs of children are the same (love, affection, stimulation and physical care), recognising diversity means responding positively to the differences and valuing all people, not just the children and families you feel closest to. (Tassoni P, 20077) An example of inclusive practice is for example having reasonable adjustments such as a wide range of visual aids for children with learning disabilities. Equal opportunities and anti-discriminatory practice are actively promoted. Practitioners should make sure of this by mixing boys and girls together.For example, girls should play football with boys, or boys should paint with girls. Practitioners should avoid stereotyping by valuing process and not just the end product, for example, valuing a child for trying their best with a drawing, even though it may not be the best drawing within the class. Persona dolls should also be used for anti-bullying practice to show everyone is different. Some people may be disabled or have a different skin colour. Confidentiality is respected at all times except when child protection is an issue. Practitioners should ensure records are stored away safely and are only accessible to whom it may concern, for example the childs parents or key worker. They should keep information on a need to know basis and respect the child as an individual. Parents should be informed about who the information is being shared with. (476 words)E6 Explain the importance of valuing childrens interests and experiences There are many reasons why valuing a childs interests and experiences are important. The first one being, the interests of a child should always come first and activities should be based upon the childs interests. This is because if children enjoy the activity, they will do well and can achieve their full potential. It will be important and this allows children to develop their confidence and self-esteem. A good example of this is when doing maths children could learn to count using something that interests them for example cars, cubes, pencils and so on. A child centred practice should be maintained throughout the childs education. It is all about keeping the interests and wellbeing of children and young adults as the main focus of the practice used. (Bruce and Meggitt, 2007).This approach promotes the child to give freedom to think, experience, question and search for answers. Children learn easily and retain information more effectively because they are participating in decisions about their learning and are able to develop to their full potential. It is stimulating for both the practitioner and child, and research shows children respond better and concentrate longer when they are engaged in something which interests them. The Early Years is based on this principle with a heavily play based and child centred curriculum.By involving children and showing them respect for their ideas and capabilities, will help them grow in confidence and self-esteem. This will also help to build a positive relationship with practitioners, for example, using a childs idea in practitioners planning. Practitioners shou ld include all children in activities and put all work up on display to make them feel valued. They should give the children free choice of activities, in other words let them do what interests them. It is important that practitioners should feedback to parents about their childs interests and if possible, find out about what the childs interests were in previous settings.

Automated Grading System Essay

accounting entryLetter grades were first used in the United States in the last part of the 19th century. twain colleges and high teachs began replacing other forms of assessment with letter and percentage grades in the early 20th century. term grading systems appear to be fairly standardized in the U.S., debates about grade inflation and the advantage of grades for fostering disciple learning continue.Automation has had a notable impact in a simple range of industries beyond manufacturing (where it began). Once telephone operators stand been replaced largely by automated telephone switchboards and say machines. Medical helpes such as primary screening in electrocardiography or radiography and science lab analysis of human genes, cells, and tissues are carried out at much greater speed and accuracy by automated systems. Even elections have gone automated. Applying automation to Grading systems wherein it go out as well make a task easy and accurate.1.1 Background of the StudyThe assemblys system named Automated school-age child military rank System is effective on inputting and storing data. And the excellence and efficiency of this system is assured. The group has taken this opportunity as a challenge and pushed our ideas into reality and has considered many aspects and ideas in qualification this one of a kind project. The group hopes that the readers of this documentation would be inspired as they and believe that the primary goal of grading and reporting is communication. hard-hitting grading and reporting systems promote interaction and involvement among all stakeholders (i.e., students, parents, teachers, and administrators) in the educational process.Grading promotes the growth of defined, content-specific learning goals and identifies where additional work is needed when it is directly aligned to the curricula. Grades serve a variety of administrative purposes when determining suitability for promotion to the next level, credits for graduation and class rank.Computerized grading makes the grading process fast, more consistent, and more reliable than traditional manual grading. With the use of todays advanced computers and other technologies in academic industries, the technologies will not just help the establishment alone also e precisething that covers it from the Professors to the students. victimisation the new programming languages that are hand over today the proponents will use this applied science to help the school enhance its system. But despite of having a great system there are still just about point in it that needed to be replaced or enhanced.1.2 Statement of the ProblemThe old system was using Microsoft Excel only for inputting and storing the grades, the grades can only be accessed in one computer and also has a chance of data loss or the files are not secured enough.Many things in this school have gone from manual to automate. The group noticed that this system does not exist in this scho ol. We all go to sleep that making an Automated Student Evaluation System means making the task for professors in compute and calculating grades will become easy and not only that the professors will have an advantage but the students will also get a gain, because it will also improve accuracy of calculations thus making the what we call Hula of Grades will become non existent in the future of Sta.Cecilia College.1.3 Statement of physical objectsThe system aims to diminish the time in searching students records and processing of grades and to provide accurate facts to lessen errors. unrivaled of the tangible benefits of this system is cost reduction and avoidance due to facts searching of students records and processing of grades.1.3.1 General ObjectiveThe systems to improve more accurate information for reduction of errors. By simply exploring of student grades information needed. It will increase flexibility because this is completely packed with adequate information for gra de of the students. And also to secure the students grades.1.3.2 Specific ObjectivesThis study aims to The grades will be properly arranged and organized. It will speed up the activity of grade transactions of students. It will lessen the time they consume that will promote nifty aspects of the school through excellent service.Nowadays, and other computerized applications for the improvement of their services. It is a necessity for this institution to follow what is in todays world, Perhaps it is a necessity to change its image from a low technology school to a high standard facility equipped. Sta. Cecilia College offers computer courses and having a system like this will promote better learning for students because they could have interest to learn in database handling, programming and system analysis.1.4 logical implication of the StudyGetting involved in this kind of study is important to be aware of the modernization of technology particularly in computer system that can be u seful at present and for the future use which is necessary in order to keep track with advanced technology universe in the global technology competition. The proposed study would also assist to develop the proponents skills, oddly in terms of system analysis, system design and programming. This study will create an Automated Student Evaluation System with student information system. This will also help the company to cope up with the long work flow of their previous system.1.5 Scopes and LimitationsScopes The system can perform specific task as inputting the grades of the student and convert it to its equivalent. The system can also hold the information of the students, adding, editing and saving it to the database. Calculates item-by-item student gradesLimitations The grades can only be accessed by Professors by the use of the log in exploiter module. The Registrar can only access and modify the Student information.Student evaluation is a very complex process that should tak e many factors into account. Recognizing the limits of various grading practices and balancing them with common sense and dear judgment is an important part of the work of professional teachers.